Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 19 Researches
6.7
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 29 Reviews
8.7
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
50 mcg (2,000 IU)
250%

Top Medical Research Studies

We examined how low levels of vitamin D (Vit D) could impact the severity of heart disease, specifically looking at myocardial ischemia. Our study involved two hundred patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. We assessed both the severity of ischemia in patients and their vitamin D levels.

The results revealed a clear pattern: when vitamin D levels dropped below 10 ng/mL, patients showed a significant increase in severe myocardial ischemia. Conversely, in patients with higher levels of vitamin D, we did not find any substantial association with abnormalities in heart imaging. This indicates that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may play a role in reducing heart disease severity.

Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency, especially levels below 10 ng/mL, could contribute to more severe heart conditions. This could prompt health care providers to consider monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels in patients at risk for heart disease.
Read More
8
Vitamin D's impact on heart hypertrophy
We explored the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease, particularly how it interacts with a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia, which is known to promote heart issues. In our study, we examined both animal models (rats fed a diet to induce hyperhomocysteinemia) and heart cells under lab conditions to understand this interaction better.

Our findings revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia significantly lowered levels of vitamin D, specifically 1,25(OH)D, in the blood and heart tissues. We also noted an increase in the expression of an enzyme (CYP24A1) that breaks down vitamin D, indicating a disruption in its availability. Moreover, the presence of elevated homocysteine was linked to a decrease in vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in heart tissues, complicating the heart's ability to respond to vitamin D’s effects.

By manipulating levels of VDR, we demonstrated that reducing VDR led to more heart cell growth, which is a sign of heart hypertrophy. Conversely, when VDR was overexpressed, we observed a decrease in hypertrophy, showing that vitamin D plays a protective role against heart enlargement during hyperhomocysteinemia. Additionally, a specific microRNA (miR-125b-5p) was found to repress VDR and contribute to heart cell growth, highlighting the complex regulatory network involved.

Our study concluded that vitamin D deficiency and reduced VDR contribute to heart issues associated with high levels of homocysteine by activating harmful cellular pathways. This underscores the potential significance of monitoring and supporting vitamin D levels, especially in individuals suffering from hyperhomocysteinemia.
Read More
8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.

Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.

Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.

Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9.5
Improved immunity
Excellent! Vitamin D3 promotes muscle tone, aids immunity, is crucial for thyroid function, and helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate. It may prevent the growth of cancerous cells. I take 2,000 to 5,000 IU during winter as a precaution.
Read More
9.5
Supports health
Super D3! Vitamin D3 greatly benefits the body by boosting muscle tone, immunity, thyroid function, and regulating blood pressure and heart rate while possibly inhibiting cancer cell growth.
Read More
0.5
Avoiding heart disease
After starting this, my appetite vanished, and I experienced heart palpitations that felt like panic. I suspect that taking vitamin D without magnesium caused these symptoms. Once I stopped and took magnesium, the symptoms faded. I believe a daily vitamin D intake should be around 600 IU.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 19 Researches
6.7
  • All Researches
8
Vitamin D3 and SGLT2i synergy explored
We conducted a study to explore how vitamin D3, combined with SGLT2 inhibitors, could influence heart health in hypertensive obese patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This combination therapy was assessed for its effects on various health parameters and the quality of life of the participants.

In our investigation, patients were randomly assigned to receive either Dapagliflozin, vitamin D3, a combination of both, or no treatment at all over 16 weeks. We closely looked at measurements such as weight, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, liver health, and heart function among others.

Our findings were promising, revealing beneficial effects of combining vitamin D3 with SGLT2 inhibitors. Participants who received this combination reported improvements in their cardio-metabolic health and overall quality of life, suggesting a potential new approach to managing heart disease in this specific group of patients.

It is important to note that while this study highlights the synergistic benefits of vitamin D3 and SGLT2 inhibitors, the isolated impact of vitamin D itself on heart disease remains somewhat unclear. This complexity underscores the need for further research to fully understand vitamin D's role in cardiovascular health.
Read More
8
Vitamin D's impact on heart hypertrophy
We explored the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease, particularly how it interacts with a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia, which is known to promote heart issues. In our study, we examined both animal models (rats fed a diet to induce hyperhomocysteinemia) and heart cells under lab conditions to understand this interaction better.

Our findings revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia significantly lowered levels of vitamin D, specifically 1,25(OH)D, in the blood and heart tissues. We also noted an increase in the expression of an enzyme (CYP24A1) that breaks down vitamin D, indicating a disruption in its availability. Moreover, the presence of elevated homocysteine was linked to a decrease in vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in heart tissues, complicating the heart's ability to respond to vitamin D’s effects.

By manipulating levels of VDR, we demonstrated that reducing VDR led to more heart cell growth, which is a sign of heart hypertrophy. Conversely, when VDR was overexpressed, we observed a decrease in hypertrophy, showing that vitamin D plays a protective role against heart enlargement during hyperhomocysteinemia. Additionally, a specific microRNA (miR-125b-5p) was found to repress VDR and contribute to heart cell growth, highlighting the complex regulatory network involved.

Our study concluded that vitamin D deficiency and reduced VDR contribute to heart issues associated with high levels of homocysteine by activating harmful cellular pathways. This underscores the potential significance of monitoring and supporting vitamin D levels, especially in individuals suffering from hyperhomocysteinemia.
Read More
8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.

Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.

Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.

Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 shows potential heart protection
We explored the effects of vitamin D3 and paricalcitol on heart health, particularly in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. In our study, we worked with male Wistar rats divided into various groups, some receiving doxorubicin, a drug known for its heart-damaging potential. Others were treated with vitamin D3 or paricalcitol, both thought to have protective qualities against heart injury.

After administering doxorubicin, we observed significant changes in a range of biochemical markers and physiological indicators, including ECG readings and scintigraphy results. The findings suggested that both vitamin D3 and paricalcitol demonstrate potential cardioprotective effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress linked to heart damage.

This study shines a light on the possible benefits of vitamin D3 in protecting the heart during chemotherapy treatments. However, readers should note that while our findings are promising, they stem from an animal model, and further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
Read More
We examined how vitamin D3 could play a role in protecting the heart from damage caused by cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. In our research, we worked with male Balb-c mice, dividing them into several groups to evaluate different treatment approaches. Some groups received vitamin D3 before or after cisplatin injection, while others acted as controls.

Our findings revealed that cisplatin significantly raised markers indicating heart damage and increased oxidative stress levels. In contrast, when we administered vitamin D3, whether as a preventive measure or treatment after cisplatin exposure, it showed promising results. It was able to improve heart tissue structure and biochemical indicators associated with heart injury, suggesting that vitamin D3 may mitigate some of the cardiac risks linked with chemotherapy.

However, while vitamin D3 showed a protective effect in the groups that received it before cisplatin treatment, the benefits were only partial when given afterward. This highlights the potential of vitamin D3 in supporting heart health during cancer treatment, although more research is necessary to understand its full capabilities and best applications.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 29 Reviews
8.7
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9.5
Improved immunity
Excellent! Vitamin D3 promotes muscle tone, aids immunity, is crucial for thyroid function, and helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate. It may prevent the growth of cancerous cells. I take 2,000 to 5,000 IU during winter as a precaution.
Read More
9.5
Supports health
Super D3! Vitamin D3 greatly benefits the body by boosting muscle tone, immunity, thyroid function, and regulating blood pressure and heart rate while possibly inhibiting cancer cell growth.
Read More
0.5
Avoiding heart disease
After starting this, my appetite vanished, and I experienced heart palpitations that felt like panic. I suspect that taking vitamin D without magnesium caused these symptoms. Once I stopped and took magnesium, the symptoms faded. I believe a daily vitamin D intake should be around 600 IU.
Read More
9.5
Fewer colds
Simply Excellent! Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in the body, acting like a hormone for calcium absorption, immunity and regulating blood pressure. Its deficiency can lead to colds and depression. I take it daily before lunch for maximum absorption.
Read More
9.5
Heart health
Excellent quality supplement with a suitable dosage. My cholesterol stays stable while taking it, and my heart feels great.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.

In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.

Vitamin D has garnered attention for its potential role in cardiovascular health, but the relationship between Vitamin D levels and heart disease is complex and still being researched. Some studies suggest that adequate levels of Vitamin D may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease, while others indicate that supplementation doesn’t significantly influence heart health outcomes. Vitamin D is known to play a role in various bodily functions, including immune response and inflammation, which are both factors in heart disease. However, it's essential to note that simply increasing Vitamin D intake without addressing other lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and smoking may not lead to improved heart health.

While maintaining sufficient Vitamin D levels can be beneficial for overall health, relying solely on it as a preventative measure for heart disease isn't advisable. If you're concerned about heart health, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider who can offer personalized recommendations based on your individual risk factors. They may suggest routine screening for Vitamin D levels, especially if you fall into categories at risk for deficiency. Always aim for a balanced approach that includes a nutritious diet, regular physical activity, and other heart-healthy habits alongside any supplementation.

Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from taking vitamin D3 supplements can vary significantly. Many users report feeling improvements such as increased energy and better mood within a few weeks of consistent use. For instance, one user noted feeling revitalized and experiencing fewer colds by the end of the second month after starting vitamin D3 supplementation (Read Review). Other users emphasize its effects on immune support and heart health, but specific timelines for these benefits are less frequently mentioned.

While several users mention taking the supplement for heart disease and note its importance in regulating blood pressure and overall heart function (Read Review), they do not specify a typical duration for observing heart-related improvements. Therefore, while many users suggest feeling beneficial effects relatively quickly, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations and to set realistic expectations regarding heart health outcomes.

Vitamin D has garnered attention in recent years for its potential implications in heart health, with varying degrees of scientific support based on recent research. Several studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and heart disease, revealing connections that may influence clinical practice. For instance, a study demonstrated that low vitamin D levels were associated with increased severity of myocardial ischemia, indicating a possible role in heart disease severity [4]. Similarly, findings from another study suggested that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect diastolic function in those experiencing acute coronary syndrome, thereby highlighting its potential as an independent risk factor for heart issues [6].

However, while some studies hint at the beneficial effects of vitamin D, such as improved heart function and metabolic health when combined with other treatments, the isolated impact of vitamin D on heart disease management remains less clear. For instance, a study investigating vitamin D3 combined with SGLT2 inhibitors showed promising outcomes for patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea [2]. Conversely, a large-scale trial examining vitamin D supplementation in older adults found only modest evidence of benefit, suggesting that while vitamin D might play a supportive role, it should not be seen as a panacea for heart health [19]. Overall, while there are reasons to consider vitamin D in heart disease management, further research is necessary to delineate its specific benefits.

Users report a variety of improvements in symptoms after taking vitamin D3 supplements. Many emphasize enhanced immunity and overall well-being; for instance, one user mentioned feeling revitalized and experiencing fewer colds after a few months of supplementation (Read Review). Additionally, multiple reviewers noted improvements in mood and energy levels, with one individual specifically highlighting these benefits after consistent use (Read Review). Users also linked vitamin D3 to better muscle tone, stable cholesterol levels, and a supportive role in thyroid health and blood pressure regulation, reinforcing its perceived importance in daily health routines (Read Review) (Read Review).

While many users have reported positive effects, it’s worth noting that experiences can vary widely. For some, higher doses have caused adverse effects, such as feelings of anxiety or panic (Read Review). This highlights the importance of finding a suitable dosage and consulting a healthcare professional when incorporating vitamin D3 into one’s routine. Ultimately, while the collective user feedback points to significant benefits, individual results may differ, and monitoring one's health alongside supplementation is important.

Users report a generally positive experience combining vitamin D3 with other supplements, particularly for heart disease management. Many emphasize that vitamin D3 plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and overall cardiovascular health. For example, one user noted the importance of taking vitamin D3 to help maintain stable cholesterol levels and support heart function (Read Review). Additionally, several individuals acknowledge that they take vitamin D3 alongside other immune-boosting supplements, which can contribute to overall health while combating illnesses (Read Review).

However, some users caution about the potential negative impacts of combining vitamin D3 with other specific supplements, particularly magnesium. One reviewer experienced heart palpitations believed to be linked to not taking magnesium alongside vitamin D3 and reported that symptoms reversed upon reintroducing magnesium to their regimen (Read Review). This indicates that while vitamin D3 is beneficial for heart health, individuals should consult healthcare professionals before combining it with other supplements to avoid possible adverse effects.

Users report a range of Vitamin D dosages for treating heart disease, suggesting both 2,000 IU and 5,000 IU as common and effective amounts. Many reviewers, such as those providing feedback on their experiences with dosages of 2,000 IU (Read Review) and 5,000 IU (Read Review), assert that these levels not only help maintain stable cholesterol levels but also support overall heart health and regulate blood pressure. A couple of users specifically indicated that 2,000 IU serves as a preventative measure against deficiencies linked to heart disease (Read Review).

However, it's worth noting that some users caution about individual variability in response to dosing. One reviewer experienced heart palpitations when taking Vitamin D without magnesium and suggested that a lower dose of around 600 IU might be appropriate for some individuals (Read Review). Overall, while many find success with 2,000 IU or more, consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended for personalized advice.

8.8
Better mood
Good day! After giving birth and breastfeeding, I felt fatigued and ill. I started taking vitamin D3 to invigorate myself. By the end of the second month, I noticed fewer colds and revitalised skin. I plan to continue taking it through to summer.
9.5
Improves mood
We all take vitamin D, especially during cold season. I give 2000 IU to children and 5000 IU to adults. This vitamin has improved our mood and overall health while combating illness.
8.8
Improved energy
I consistently order vitamin D! These small, tasteless capsules are easy to swallow. I’ve noticed improved mood and energy. I also experienced hives at a higher dose, so I recommend consulting a doctor for appropriate dosing.
9.5
Fewer colds
Simply Excellent! Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in the body, acting like a hormone for calcium absorption, immunity and regulating blood pressure. Its deficiency can lead to colds and depression. I take it daily before lunch for maximum absorption.
9.5
Heart health
Excellent quality supplement with a suitable dosage. My cholesterol stays stable while taking it, and my heart feels great.
0.5
Avoiding heart disease
After starting this, my appetite vanished, and I experienced heart palpitations that felt like panic. I suspect that taking vitamin D without magnesium caused these symptoms. Once I stopped and took magnesium, the symptoms faded. I believe a daily vitamin D intake should be around 600 IU.
8.8
Strengthens immunity
This vitamin is very helpful for fighting colds and other diseases. I use it alongside other immune boosters. The capsules are small, gel-like, and easy to swallow. I recommend this reliable brand!
7.5
Prevents heart disease
The lanolin composition is excellent. No vitamin compares to vitamin D's role in health. Recent research indicates its critical role in preventing SARS and respiratory infections. Higher vitamin D levels correlate with reduced heart disease risk. I take 2000 units with fatty foods. My review would be helpful – please click Yes. Thank you!
8.8
Prevents osteoporosis
I take vitamin D3 in 2000 and 5000 IU capsules, which are easy to swallow. This vitamin boosts immunity, absorbs calcium, and helps strength bones and muscles, including the heart, preventing osteoporosis and cancer. My family takes it regularly, and I feel invigorated.
8.8
Cancer relation
It’s essential to take 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily. Its deficiency relates to heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. This vitamin is critical for absorbing calcium and preventing osteoporosis.
We examined how low levels of vitamin D (Vit D) could impact the severity of heart disease, specifically looking at myocardial ischemia. Our study involved two hundred patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. We assessed both the severity of ischemia in patients and their vitamin D levels.

The results revealed a clear pattern: when vitamin D levels dropped below 10 ng/mL, patients showed a significant increase in severe myocardial ischemia. Conversely, in patients with higher levels of vitamin D, we did not find any substantial association with abnormalities in heart imaging. This indicates that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may play a role in reducing heart disease severity.

Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency, especially levels below 10 ng/mL, could contribute to more severe heart conditions. This could prompt health care providers to consider monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels in patients at risk for heart disease.
We set out to understand how vitamin D levels relate to diastolic function in patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study included 117 patients who were monitored before their discharge from the hospital. We used echocardiography to assess their heart function, specifically looking at how well their hearts could relax after beating—a key indicator of heart health.

The results revealed that those with low vitamin D levels tended to have more significant diastolic dysfunction. For instance, measures like the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and the E/e' ratio were notably higher in patients with lower vitamin D. Further analysis showed that vitamin D levels could predict the likelihood of developing diastolic dysfunction, making it an independent risk factor.

Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may contribute negatively to heart function in individuals with ACS. Highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, this research could encourage further exploration of vitamin D as a potential target for improving heart health in at-risk populations.
8
Vitamin D3 and SGLT2i synergy explored
We conducted a study to explore how vitamin D3, combined with SGLT2 inhibitors, could influence heart health in hypertensive obese patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This combination therapy was assessed for its effects on various health parameters and the quality of life of the participants.

In our investigation, patients were randomly assigned to receive either Dapagliflozin, vitamin D3, a combination of both, or no treatment at all over 16 weeks. We closely looked at measurements such as weight, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, liver health, and heart function among others.

Our findings were promising, revealing beneficial effects of combining vitamin D3 with SGLT2 inhibitors. Participants who received this combination reported improvements in their cardio-metabolic health and overall quality of life, suggesting a potential new approach to managing heart disease in this specific group of patients.

It is important to note that while this study highlights the synergistic benefits of vitamin D3 and SGLT2 inhibitors, the isolated impact of vitamin D itself on heart disease remains somewhat unclear. This complexity underscores the need for further research to fully understand vitamin D's role in cardiovascular health.
We conducted a large-scale study to examine if giving older adults vitamin D on a monthly basis could help reduce major heart-related events like heart attacks and strokes. This randomized, double-blind trial involved over 21,000 participants aged 60 to 84 from Australia, who were assigned to either receive 60,000 IU of vitamin D or a placebo each month for up to five years.

During the study, we found that while there was a hint that vitamin D might lower the occurrence of these serious cardiovascular events, the differences observed were quite small. The confidence intervals surrounding these results suggest that they could just as easily represent no real effect at all.

It's important to note that we observed a significant number of participants successfully completing the study, with 80.2% taking vitamin D and 77.6% receiving the placebo. These findings lead us to believe that more detailed studies could be warranted to verify vitamin D's role, especially for people already using medications to prevent heart disease.

Overall, the evidence doesn't strongly support the idea that vitamin D supplements are a major game changer for heart health, but they may still have a role worth exploring further.

References

  1. Vanreusel I, Hens W, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Paelinck BP, Segers VFM, et al. Vitamin D levels correlate with exercise capacity in adults with CHD. Cardiol Young. 2025. doi:10.1017/S1047951125000526
  2. Loh HH, Tay SP, Koa AJ, Yong MC, Said A, et al. Unveiling the benefits of Vitamin D3 with SGLT-2 inhibitors for hypertensive obese obstructive sleep apnea patients. J Transl Med. 2025;23:296. doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06312-w
  3. Qi H, Zhou Y, Hou HT, Wei JH, He GW, et al. Contributing role and molecular basis of Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Pharmacol. 2025;234:116812. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116812
  4. Haghighatafshar M, Shekasteband B, Firuzyar T, Etemadi Z, Farhoudi F, et al. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Coronary Artery Disease Severity Based on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Cross-Sectional Study. Iran J Med Sci. 2025;50:31. doi:10.30476/ijms.2024.101112.3372
  5. Astani A, Maroofi A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Safari F. Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;52:96. doi:10.1007/s11033-024-10168-6
  6. Algül E, Özbeyaz NB, Şahan HF, Aydinyilmaz F, Erdoğan A, et al. Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired diastolic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Minerva Cardiol Angiol. 2025;73:57. doi:10.23736/S2724-5683.24.06515-3
  7. Sun L, Du J. Magnesium status, serum vitamin D concentration and mortality among congestive heart failure patients: a cohort study from NHANES 2007-2018. Magnes Res. 2024;37:61. doi:10.1684/mrh.2024.0528
  8. Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Pani B, Hiche C, Chicco A, et al. The Co-Existence of Hypovitaminosis D and Diabetes Mellitus Triples the Incidence of Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Women. J Clin Med. 2024;13. doi:10.3390/jcm13226792
  9. Astani A, Maroofi A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Safari F. Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;52:96. doi:10.1007/s11033-024-10168-6
  10. Sadeghi M, Momeni A, Mirsaeidi FS, Jamalian M, Amirpour A, et al. The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment on Lipid Profile and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res. 2024;13:79. doi:10.4103/abr.abr_380_23
  11. Sato AY, Cregor M, McAndrews K, Schurman CA, Schaible E, et al. Pharmacologic or genetic interference with atrogene signaling protects against glucocorticoid-induced musculoskeletal and cardiac disease. JCI Insight. 2024;9. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.182664
  12. Stankiewicz B, Mieszkowski J, Kochanowicz A, Brzezińska P, Niespodziński B, et al. Effect of Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Post-Ultra Mountain Running Heart Damage and Iron Metabolism Changes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16152479
  13. Koroglu R, Koroglu M, Aygun H. Electrocardiographic, biochemical, and scintigraphic evidence for the cardioprotective effect of paricalcitol and vitamin D3 on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2024;125:281. doi:10.4149/BLL_2024_42
  14. Hao N, Yong H, Zhang F, Liu C, Qiu Y, et al. Aortic calcification accelerates cardiac dysfunction via inducing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Int J Med Sci. 2024;21:306. doi:10.7150/ijms.90324
  15. Samavati I, Ranjbar A, Haddadi R. Cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in male mice: role of oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397:4761. doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02848-0
  16. Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15194235
  17. Arroyo E, Leber CA, Burney HN, Li Y, Li X, et al. Epimeric vitamin D and cardiovascular structure and function in advanced CKD and after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2024;39:264. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfad168
  18. Hasific S, Øvrehus KA, Hosbond S, Lambrechtsen J, Kumarathurai P, et al. Effects of vitamins K2 and D3 supplementation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e073233. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073233
  19. Thompson B, Waterhouse M, English DR, McLeod DS, Armstrong BK, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and major cardiovascular events: D-Health randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2023;381:e075230. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-075230
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